Dry Eye Disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular diseases: over five percent of US adults suffer from DED. Tear film instability is a known factor for DED, and is thought to be regulated in large part by the thin lipid layer that covers and stabilizes the tear film. In order to aid eye related disease diagnosis, this work proposes a novel paradigm in using computer vision techniques to numerically analyze the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) spread. Eleven videos of the tear film lipid layer spread are collected with a micro-interferometer and a subset are annotated. A tracking algorithm relying on various pillar computer vision techniques is developed. Our method can be found at https://easytear-dev.github.io/.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Language models (LMs) now excel at many tasks such as few-shot learning, question answering, reasoning, and dialog. However, they sometimes generate unsupported or misleading content. A user cannot easily determine whether their outputs are trustworthy or not, because most LMs do not have any built-in mechanism for attribution to external evidence. To enable attribution while still preserving all the powerful advantages of recent generation models, we propose RARR (Retrofit Attribution using Research and Revision), a system that 1) automatically finds attribution for the output of any text generation model and 2) post-edits the output to fix unsupported content while preserving the original output as much as possible. When applied to the output of several state-of-the-art LMs on a diverse set of generation tasks, we find that RARR significantly improves attribution while otherwise preserving the original input to a much greater degree than previously explored edit models. Furthermore, the implementation of RARR requires only a handful of training examples, a large language model, and standard web search.
translated by 谷歌翻译
因果和归因研究对于地球科学发现至关重要，对于为气候，生态和水政策提供信息至关重要。但是，当前的方法需要与科学和利益相关者挑战的复杂性以及数据可用性以及数据驱动方法的充分性相结合。除非通过物理学进行仔细的通知，否则它们会冒着将相关性与因果关系相关或因估计不准确而淹没的风险。鉴于自然实验，对照试验，干预措施和反事实检查通常是不切实际的，因此已经开发了信息理论方法，并在地球科学中不断完善。在这里，我们表明，基于转移熵的因果图最近在具有备受瞩目的发现的地球科学中变得流行，即使增强具有统计学意义，也可能是虚假的。我们开发了一种基于子样本的合奏方法，用于鲁棒性因果分析。模拟数据以及气候和生态水文中的观察表明，这种方法的鲁棒性和一致性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
随着Papyan等人最近对“神经崩溃（NC）”现象的观察，已经采取了各种努力来对其进行建模和分析。神经崩溃描述，在深层分类器网络中，与训练数据相关的最终隐藏层的类特征倾向于崩溃到各自的类功能均值。因此，将最后一层分类器的行为简化为最近级中心决策规则的行为。在这项工作中，我们分析了有助于从头开始对这种现象进行建模的原理，并展示他们如何建立对试图解释NC的最近提出的模型的共同理解。我们希望我们的分析对建模NC和有助于与神经网络的概括能力建立联系的多方面观点。最后，我们通过讨论进一步研究的途径并提出潜在的研究问题来得出结论。
translated by 谷歌翻译